Table 1 |
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|
Blood parameters |
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|
Glucose (mg/dl) |
Insulin (μg/l) |
Leptin (μg/l) |
Triglycerides (mg/ml) |
NEFA (μg/l) |
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|
|
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|
Control |
CR |
Control |
CR |
Control |
CR |
Control |
CR |
Control |
CR |
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|
|
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|
MALES |
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|
Ad libitum |
98 ± 4 |
95 ± 4 |
0.774 ± 0.166 |
1.44 ± 0.27# |
3.52 ± 0.43 |
3.38 ± 0.44 |
0.669 ± 0.193 |
1.48 ± 0.20# |
0.447 ± 0.054 |
0.895 ± 0.054# |
|
|
2 month-old |
14-h fasting |
65 ± 2+ |
66 ± 3+ |
0.115 ± 0.029+ |
0.103 ± 0.026+ |
0.832 ± 0.053+ |
0.471 ± 0.086+ |
0.447 ± 0.065 |
1.30 ± 0.24# |
0.622 ± 0.077 |
1.21 ± 0.03+ # |
|
ANOVA |
F |
RxF |
F |
R |
R,F |
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|
|
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|
Ad libitum |
73 ± 2 |
77 ± 2 |
1.44 ± 0.24 |
2.29 ± 0.60 |
7.34 ± 0.74 |
9.48 ± 0.71 |
1.25 ± 0.25 |
1.57 ± 0.13 |
0.765 ± 0.079 |
1.12 ± 0.16 |
|
|
4 month-old |
14-h fasting |
64 ± 3+ |
72 ± 3 |
0.468 ± 0.094+ |
1.15 ± 0.29+ # |
4.23 ± 0.31+ |
4.82 ± 0.33+ |
0.636 ± 0.153+ |
1.12 ± 0.10+ # |
0.842 ± 0.144 |
1.35 ± 0.11# |
|
ANOVA |
F |
F |
F |
R,F |
R |
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|
|
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|
Ad libitum |
77 ± 5 |
80 ± 2 |
1.47 ± 0.41 |
2.69 ± 0.68# |
8.17 ± 1.25 |
15.3 ± 1.6# |
1.06 ± 0.16 |
1.94 ± 0.23# |
1.27 ± 0.07 |
1.17 ± 0.14 |
|
|
5 month-old |
14-h fasting |
63 ± 3+ |
65 ± 3+ |
0.583 ± 0.147+ |
1.43 ± 0.35+ # |
4.44 ± 0.78+ |
6.17 ± 0.84+ |
1.02 ± 0.21 |
1.31 ± 0.21+ |
1.20 ± 0.10 |
1.26 ± 0.07 |
|
ANOVA |
F |
R,F |
RxF |
R |
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|
|
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|
FEMALES |
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|
Ad libitum |
92 ± 3 |
100 ± 5 |
0.657 ± 0.115 |
1.55 ±0.35# |
3.38 ± 0.44 |
2.87 ± 0.32 |
0.373 ± 0.063 |
0.946 ± 0.142# |
0.529 ± 0.057 |
0.921 ± 0.047# |
|
|
2 month-old |
14-h fasting |
71 ± 2+ |
71 ± 3+ |
0.134 ± 0.019+ |
0.134 ±0.014+ |
0.448 ± 0.055+ |
0.511 ± 0.129+ |
0.516 ± 0.148 |
0.633 ± 0.217 |
0.657 ± 0.085 |
1.28 ± 0.11+ # |
|
ANOVA |
F |
RxF |
F |
R |
R,F |
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|
|
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|
Ad libitum |
84 ± 6 |
82 ± 2 |
1.27 ± 0.16 |
1.86 ±0.35 |
5.59 ± 0.26 |
6.31 ± 0.37 |
0.747 ± 0.176 |
1.66 ± 0.38# |
0.715 ± 0.090 |
1.35 ± 0.15# |
|
|
4 month-old |
14-h fasting |
67 ± 3+ |
67 ± 1+ |
0.246 ± 0.045+ |
0.465 ±0.120+ |
2.03 ± 0.17+ |
2.09 ± 0.10+ |
0.496 ± 0.119+ |
0.693 ± 0.102+ |
0.826 ± 0.105 |
1.26 ± 0.08# |
|
ANOVA |
F |
F |
F |
R,F |
R |
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|
|
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|
Ad libitum |
80 ± 1 |
81 ± 3 |
1.47 ± 0.19 |
2.34 ± 0.33# |
7.21 ± 0.67 |
6.21 ± 0.449 |
0.909 ± 0.290 |
1.44 ± 0.30 |
0.957 ± 0.068 |
1.10 ± 0.09 |
|
|
5 month-old |
14-h fasting |
69 ± 2+ |
60 ± 3+ # |
0.251 ± 0.033+ |
0.476 ± 0.103+ |
2.98 ± 0.20+ |
3.25 ± 0.162+ |
1.14 ± 0.32 |
1.19 ± 0.29 |
1.17 ± 0.09 |
1.30 ± 0.12 |
|
ANOVA |
F |
R, F |
F |
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|
|
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|
Circulating glucose, insulin, leptin, triacylglicerides and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) in male and female offspring of controls and caloric restricted dams during gestation (CR) at the ages of 2, 4 and 5 months, under ad libitum feeding conditions and after 14 h fasting conditions. Animals were fed with standard normal fat (NF) diet until the age of 4 months and then exposed to a high fat (HF) diet. Data are mean ± S.E.M. (n = 8). Statistics: R, effect of caloric restriction; F effect of fasting; RxF, interaction between caloric restriction and fasting (ANOVA repeated measures). #, different from their respective control group (Student's t test); +, different from fed conditions (Paired t test). |
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|
Palou et al. Nutrition & Metabolism 2010 7:69 doi:10.1186/1743-7075-7-69 |
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