Table 1 |
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Baseline characteristics of the participants by amount of coffee consumption at the 1st investigation of the PIVUS cohorta |
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Men (n = 359) |
Women (n = 358) |
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Characteristics |
Categories of coffee consumption (cupsb/day) |
Categories of coffee consumption (cups/day) |
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|
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0-2 |
3 |
4 |
>4 |
0-2 |
3 |
4 |
>4 |
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|
|
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Number of persons |
82 |
81 |
85 |
111 |
92 |
110 |
76 |
80 |
|
Mean age at baseline (years) |
72.0 ± 0.8 |
71.8 ± 0.9 |
71.8 ± 0.8 |
72.0 ± 0.8 |
72.1 ± 0.9 |
72.1 ± 0.9 |
72.1 ± 0.8 |
72.2 ± 0.9 |
|
Calcium intake (mg/day) |
850 ± 323 |
949 ± 306 |
1059 ± 392 |
1118 ± 365 |
852 ± 260 |
912 ± 263 |
962 ± 267 |
1011 ± 319 |
|
Vitamin D intake (μg/day) |
5.7 ± 2.1 |
5.9 ± 2.0 |
6.4 ± 2.2 |
7.1 ± 2.9 |
5.0 ± 1.8 |
5.1 ± 1.6 |
5.8 ± 1.8 |
5.5 ± 2.1 |
|
Vitamin A intake (mg/day) |
0.78 ± 0.53 |
1.0 ± 0.70 |
0.95 ± 0.64 |
1.10 ± 0.76 |
0.78 ± 0.69 |
0.81 ± 0.53 |
0.91 ± 0.65 |
0.84 ± 0.57 |
|
Energy intake (kcal/day) |
1830 ± 452 |
1953 ± 421 |
2102 ± 510 |
2308 ± 591 |
1557 ± 404 |
1698 ± 352 |
1812 ± 370 |
1834 ± 457 |
|
Weight (kg) |
83.9 ± 11.9 |
80.6 ± 10.3 |
84.6 ± 14.8 |
82.8 ± 12.8 |
68.7 ± 14.5 |
70.0 ± 13.0 |
70.2 ± 13.3 |
69.2 ± 11.8 |
|
Height (cm) |
175.4 ± 6.0 |
175.6 ± 5.7 |
176.3 ± 6.6 |
175.3 ± 6.8 |
161.4 ± 6.0 |
161.3 ± 5.5 |
161.6 ± 5.2 |
161.7 ± 5.7 |
|
Body mass index (kg/m2) |
27.3 ± 3.7 |
26.2 ± 3.3 |
27.2 ± 4.2 |
26.9 ± 3.7 |
26.4 ± 5.5 |
26.9 ± 4.4 |
26.9 ± 5.1 |
26.5 ± 4.4 |
|
Alcohol use (g/day) |
11.0 ± 10.0 |
7.7 ± 7.5 |
9.5 ± 9.7 |
8.3 ± 8.7 |
5.0 ± 5.7 |
4.1 ± 4.6 |
4.8 ± 4.8 |
4.1 ± 4.7 |
|
Smoking status |
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Never |
34/82 (41) |
42/81 (52) |
32/85 (38) |
49/111 (44) |
49/92 (53) |
58/110 (53) |
48/76 (63) |
37/80 (46) |
|
Current |
3/82 (4) |
6/81 (7) |
5/85 (6) |
15/111 (14) |
10/92 (11) |
10/110 (9) |
7/76 (9) |
14/80 (18) |
|
Former |
45/82 (55) |
33/81 (41) |
48/85 (56) |
46/111 (41) |
33/92 (36) |
42/110 (32) |
21/76 (28) |
29/80 (36) |
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Levels of physical activity |
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Low |
9/82 (11) |
1/81 (1) |
4/85 (5) |
12/111 (11) |
9/92 (10) |
5/110 (5) |
3/76 (4) |
3/80 (4) |
|
Medium |
37/82 (45) |
41/81 (51) |
46/85 (54) |
52/111 (47) |
46/92 (50) |
56/110 (51) |
35/76 (46) |
39/80 (49) |
|
High |
35/82 (43) |
38/81 (47) |
31/85 (36) |
45/111 (41) |
37/92 (40) |
46/110 (42) |
35/76 (46) |
34/80 (43) |
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a All values are mean ± SD (continuous variables) or frequencies (categorical variables). Values in parentheses are frequencies expressed in percent. b The volume of one cup of coffee is 150 mL |
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Hallström et al. Nutrition & Metabolism 2010 7:12 doi:10.1186/1743-7075-7-12 |
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