Table 5

Plasma lipoproteins, glucose, insulin, folate and homocysteine concentrations during the dietary interventions1

Baseline

Week 4

Week 8

Week 12

Change3

Total Cholesterol mmol/L

VLCARB

5.92 ± 0.21

5.38 ± 0.20

5.68 ± 0.29

5.82 ± 0.26

-0.09 ± 0.20

VLF

5.64 ± 0.23

4.83 ± 0.20

4.94 ± 0.23

5.15 ± 0.26

-0.49 ± 0.14

HUF

6.09 ± 0.23

5.11 ± 0.23

5.27 ± 0.26

5.62 ± 0.24

-0.47 ± 0.15

LDL Cholesterol2 mmol/L

VLCARB

3.83 ± 0.18

3.57 ± 0.21

3.89 ± 0.28

4.01 ± 0.26

0.18 ± 0.18a

VLF

3.65 ± 0.22

3.05 ± 0.18

3.16 ± 0.20

3.25 ± 0.22

-0.40 ± 0.11b

HUF

4.12 ± 0.24

3.38 ± 0.20

3.54 ± 0.25

3.78 ± 0.22

-0.34 ± 0.14b

ApoB g/L

VLCARB

1.01 ± 0.05

0.94 ± 0.05

1.00 ± 0.05

-0.02 ± 0.05

VLF

0.97 ± 0.05

0.85 ± 0.05

0.89 ± 0.06

-0.07 ± 0.02

HUF

1.05 ± 0.06

0.93 ± 0.06

0.99 ± 0.05

-0.06 ± 0.02

HDL Cholesterol2 mmol/L

VLCARB

1.26 ± 0.05

1.27 ± 0.05

1.26 ± 0.05

1.32 ± 0.05

0.06 ± 0.03a

VLF

1.31 ± 0.07

1.18 ± 0.05

1.15 ± 0.06

1.25 ± 0.06

-0.06 ± 0.04b

HUF

1.26 ± 0.05

1.15 ± 0.05

1.15 ± 0.05

1.19 ± 0.04

-0.06 ± 0.03b

Triacylglycerols2 mmol/L

VLCARB

1.83 ± 0.19

1.20 ± 0.12

1.16 ± 0.10

1.11 ± 0.10

-0.73 ± 0.12a

VLF

1.51 ± 0.13

1.31 ± 0.10

1.38 ± 0.12

1.44 ± 0.13

-0.06 ± 0.13b

HUF

1.56 ± 0.11

1.27 ± 0.12

1.29 ± 0.11

1.42 ± 0.12

-0.15 ± 0.07b

Glucose mmol/L

VLCARB

5.3 ± 0.1

5.2 ± 0.1

5.3 ± 0.1

5.3 ± 0.1

-0.1 ± 0.1

VLF

5.3 ± 0.1

5.1 ± 0.1

5.2 ± 0.1

5.3 ± 0.1

-0.1 ± 0.1

HUF

5.4 ± 0.1

5.4 ± 0.1

5.2 ± 0.1

5.2 ± 0.1

-0.2 ± 0.1

Insulin2 mU/L

VLCARB

10.7 ± 1.1

8.2 ± 0.8

8.1 ± 1.0

7.1 ± 0.8

-3.6 ± 0.5a

VLF

8.6 ± 0.7

8.2 ± 0.7

7.8 ± 0.8

9.9 ± 1.9

1.3 ± 1.7b,c

HUF

9.1 ± 0.6

9.0 ± 0.6

7.9 ± 0.6

7.4 ± 0.7

-1.7 ± 0.5a,c

Folate nmol/L

VLCARB

23.13 ± 1.46

22.52 ± 1.03

-0.61 ± 0.84

VLF

23.99 ± 1.42

27.54 ± 1.10

3.54 ± 1.30

HUF

23.95 ± 1.32

24.83 ± 1.61

0.88 ± 1.82

Homocysteine2 umol/L

VLCARB

7.28 ± 0.33

7.76 ± 0.39

0.56 ± 0.27a

VLF

7.30 ± 0.45

6.80 ± 0.34

-0.50 ± 31b,c

HUF

7.14 ± 0.32

7.19 ± 0.30

-0.04 ± 0.22a,c

C reactive protein mg/L

VLCARB

5.27 ± 0.71

.

4.51 ± 0.60

-0.76 ± 0.56

VLF

4.52 ± 0.78

3.42 ± 0.70

-1.10 ± 0.50

HUF

4.52 ± 0.70

4.17 ± 0.71

-0.35 ± 0.71

1mean ± SEM

VLCARB = very low carbohydrate (n = 24) VLF = very low fat (n = 22) HUF = high unsaturated fat (n = 21)

2 Significant main effect of diet using repeated measures ANOVA with time as the within subject factor and diet as the between subject factor after adjustment for weight loss as a covariate (P < 0.05)

3 When significant main effect of diet detected, post hoc analysis was conducted using Tukeys test. Variables with the different superscripts are significantly different from one another (P < 0.05)

Noakes et al. Nutrition & Metabolism 2006 3:7   doi:10.1186/1743-7075-3-7

Open Data