Figure 1.

Insulin secretion during high glucose usage. (figure adapted from [6]) In the normal fed state UCP2 expression is low. Metabolism is shifted toward glucose oxidation resulting in ROS production and generation of ATP. Insulin secretion is stimulated by the resulting high ATP/ADP ratio. Elevated ROS levels feed back to increase UCP2 thereby mildly uncoupling respiration, reducing membrane potential and ROS production.